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[Did You Know About Cooling?] How are cooling fans designed?

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Release time:

2019-06-17

Many people know. Cooling fan We’ve previously shared with you information on troubleshooting and identifying the causes of fan heater malfunctions, as well as tips on how to extend its lifespan. Today, we’ll take a closer look at how it’s designed.
Step 1:
The design of cooling fans first involves measuring the relationship between airflow volume and static pressure. Measuring the characteristics of airflow is quite challenging. Currently, there are two main methods used to measure static pressure and airflow volume: wind tunnel testing and the dual-chamber method. The specifications for airflow volume and static pressure characteristics are typically determined using the dual-chamber method. This method employs a variable-exhaust system to extract air and adjust air density. By momentarily opening the nozzle, the static pressure and airflow volume will undergo an instantaneous change, after which the pressure readings from each static pressure gauge are recorded.
Under standard atmospheric conditions and with fixed operating voltage and frequency, static pressure is expressed as a function of airflow volume. The static efficiency of a cooling fan is equal to the product of the airflow volume and the static pressure, divided by the input electrical power. A cooling fan comprises a motor, blades, and an outer frame; therefore, its efficiency includes both the motor’s electrical efficiency and the aerodynamic efficiency of the blades and the outer frame.
Step 2:
When air flows through the entire system impedance/system characteristic curve of a cooling fan, the airflow encounters resistance from components within the system along its path. This impedance restricts the free flow of air. The change in pressure—measured as static pressure—is expressed in inches of water column. To determine the cooling wattage for each slot, system designers or manufacturers must not only have the effective fan characteristic curve of the cooling fan to identify its maximum airflow rate but also know the system’s airflow resistance curve. Components inside the system cause a loss of wind pressure. This pressure loss varies with the airflow rate and is referred to as the system impedance.
In addition, the intersection point between the system operating characteristic curve of the cooling fan and the fan’s performance curve is referred to as the system operating working point. This working point represents the optimal operating condition for the cooling fan. At this working point, the slope of the cooling fan’s performance curve is at its minimum, and the rate of change of the system characteristic curve is also at its lowest. Note that at this point, the static efficiency of the cooling fan—calculated as airflow × pressure head divided by power consumption—is optimized.
In addition, during the design process, we must also pay attention to minimizing any obstruction to airflow. The air intake and exhaust ports should remain unobstructed, and the cooling fan’s airflow should be directed vertically through the system to ensure smooth airflow and enhance cooling efficiency.
Shenzhen Jiangshanlai Electronic Technology Co., Ltd. was founded in 2005 in Shenzhen, China. It is a large-scale enterprise integrating customization, R&D, manufacturing, sales, and service of DC brushless motors, DC cooling fans, DC brushless fans, DC stand fans, boosted cooling fans, miniature cooling fans, DC cooling fans, DC blowers, and non-standard fans. We are a wholesale manufacturer and supplier of DC fans. Our products are best-selling in Guangdong Province—including Shenzhen, Guangzhou, and Dongguan—as well as in Fujian, Zhejiang, and Jiangsu provinces.

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