What is a DC fan? What is its working principle?
Category:
Industry Trends
Release time:
2020-06-15
DC fan Simply put, a cooling fan works by converting electrical energy into electromagnetic energy via direct current voltage and electromagnetic induction, then transforming the electromagnetic energy into mechanical energy, and finally into kinetic energy, thereby causing the fan blades to rotate.
A conventional DC fan mainly consists of four components: the rotor, the stator, the motor, and the outer frame.
DC motor components: permanent magnet rotor, multi-stage wound stator, position sensor, and electronic commutation drive control circuit. Rotor assembly: motor housing + permanent magnet strips + shaft core + fan blades. Stator assembly: enameled wire + plastic-coated silicon steel laminations + bearing + Hall effect sensing element + drive circuit board + shaft.
A conventional DC fan primarily consists of four main components: the rotor, the stator, the motor, and the outer frame. The DC motor comprises: a permanent-magnet rotor, a multi-stage wound stator, a position sensor, and an electronic commutation drive control circuit. The rotor is composed of: a motor housing, permanent magnet strips, a shaft core, and fan blades. The stator includes: enameled wire, plastic-coated silicon steel laminations, bearings, Hall-effect sensors, a drive circuit board, and a shaft.
Working principle:
The core components of a DC fan are the stator and the rotor. According to Ampère’s right-hand rule, when a current flows through a conductor, a magnetic field is generated around it. If this conductor is placed in another stationary magnetic field, an attractive or repulsive force will be exerted, causing the object to move. Inside the fan blades of a DC fan, a rubber magnet pre-magnetized with permanent magnetism is attached. Surrounding the silicon steel laminations, two sets of coils are wound around the central shaft. A Hall-effect sensor is used as a synchronous detection device to control a circuit that alternately energizes the two sets of coils wound around the shaft, thereby causing the silicon steel laminations to assume different magnetic poles. These magnetic poles then generate attractive or repulsive forces with the rubber magnet. When the magnitude of the attractive or repulsive force exceeds the static frictional force acting on the fan blade, the blade naturally begins to rotate. Thanks to the synchronous signals provided by the Hall-effect sensor, the fan blade can keep rotating continuously. As for the direction of rotation, it can be determined using Fleming’s right-hand rule. This is how a DC fan works.
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The pivot joint is fixed at the position of the motor stator base, ensuring an appropriate gap between the rotor and the stator. Of course, there must also be a clearance between the shaft core and the bearings to prevent the shaft core from becoming locked and thus unable to function. The stator structure of the motor—hereafter referred to as the "stator"—is designed in such a way that, once power is supplied, an induced magnetic field will be generated between the rotor and the stator. The control circuit then drives the electric fan motor into operation. Therefore, in the conventional fan motor design, as long as the fan rotor, the motor stator, and the drive circuit work together via the pivot joint between the shaft core and the bearings and through magnetic field induction, the motor can operate effectively.
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