The airflow of the cooling fan


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Release time:

2021-11-08

The airflow and static pressure of a cooling fan are important indicators for evaluating the performance of a heat sink. Airflow is typically measured in cubic feet per minute (CFM). Here are some common conversions for airflow units: 1 CFM = 28.316846592 L/MIN = 0.028 CMM. The unit for static pressure is generally millimeters of water column (mmH2O).
The calculation of the fan’s airflow and static pressure parameters for the radiator is performed using a specialized piece of equipment—the wind tunnel. The heat sink is mounted on the wind tunnel, and air is blown through the heat sink, completely entering the cylindrical chamber in the middle of the wind tunnel. Inside this chamber are sensors that transmit data to a database for processing, thereby generating the airflow and static pressure values.
Since wind tunnel equipment is not inexpensive, some manufacturers opt to purchase handheld anemometers to measure wind speed. However, these anemometers can only provide a simple comparative measurement of wind pressure values.
Generally speaking, the greater the airflow, the better the heat dissipation performance. Additionally, the structure of the system being cooled plays a significant role—this includes the air intake, exhaust vents, and airflow channels. Another important parameter closely related to air pressure is the airflow volume of the cooling fan: the higher the airflow volume and the greater the air pressure exerted by the fan, the faster the heat dissipation will be. Therefore, when evaluating cooling performance, two key parameters are crucial: airflow volume and air pressure.
The commonly used cooling fans are typically frame- or square-shaped, though some special types—such as tripod-mounted or single-letter-mounted fans—also exist. There are both framed and frameless heat sinks. Which type of heat sink produces a greater airflow?
Let’s first take a look at the airflow of cooling fans. Simply put, airflow refers to the volume of air that a cooling fan delivers when it’s operating. We’ll abbreviate airflow as “airflow” or “airflow data.” The airflow data is obtained through wind-tunnel testing. The testing method involves directing the airflow generated by the heat sink entirely and without any loss into the wind tunnel. Inside the wind tunnel, there’s a sensor that transmits the data to a database, enabling the calculation and output of airflow measurements.
There’s another point to note: the magnitude of the wind and its related factors primarily depend on the shape of the fan blades, followed by the shape of the outer frame.
So, when comparing square heat sinks and frameless heat sinks, the key factor to consider is the airflow volume. First, we need to determine which type of heat sink generates a greater airflow volume. Second, we should evaluate the frame’s ability to collect and direct airflow. However, since frameless cooling fans disperse their airflow in all directions, they can’t efficiently channel all the air into the air duct. Therefore, it’s impossible to directly compare the airflow volumes of these two types of fans on a standalone basis—unless we combine the frameless fan with a heat sink, allowing the airflow to be directed from a single point, and then measure the combined airflow volume.


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