Axial Flow Fan | Introduction to Axial Flow Fans and Their Airflow Types
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Release time:
2020-05-06
Axial-flow fan A fan is a device in which blades propel air to flow in the same direction as the shaft during operation.
This classification of cooling fans based on the direction in which the blades propel air relative to the axis can be divided into the following types: axial-flow fans, centrifugal fans (where air intake is along the axis but air discharge is perpendicular to the axis), cross-flow (or transverse-flow) fans (in which both air intake and discharge are perpendicular to the axis), and mixed-flow fans (in which air intake is along the axis, while air discharge occurs diagonally—both along the axis and perpendicular to it).
Axial-flow fans—also known as axial fans—are the most widely used type of fan for air delivery. The most common configuration involves using an axial-flow fan to blow air downward. This design has gained widespread popularity due to its excellent overall performance and low cost. In addition, there’s a growing trend lately of reversing the direction of axial-flow fans, turning them into upward-exhausting units.
The difference between the two ventilation modes lies in the distinct airflow patterns: during blow ventilation, turbulent flow is generated, resulting in high wind pressure but greater susceptibility to resistance losses; during suction ventilation, laminar flow is produced, offering lower wind pressure but more stable airflow. Theoretically, turbulent flow has much higher heat-transfer efficiency than laminar flow, which is why it has become the mainstream design approach. However, in certain fin designs—such as those with excessively close fins—airflow is severely obstructed by the fins themselves. In such cases, suction ventilation may achieve better performance.
How do you determine which ventilation method to use? Generally speaking, when heat within the equipment is relatively dispersed and evenly distributed, and the air resistance on the cooling surfaces is relatively low, exhaust ventilation cooling is typically employed. On the other hand, when heat distribution within the equipment is uneven, air resistance is high, and there are many components, blow-through cooling is usually preferred. If necessary, fans can be connected in series (to increase air pressure), in parallel (to boost airflow), or in a mixed configuration (as described in the article “Operation of Parallel and Series Connection of Cooling Fans”).
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