Introduction to Blower Classification
Category:
Industry Trends
Release time:
2022-03-28
Blower It is a versatile mechanical device used for conveying gases. From an energy perspective, it is a machine that converts the mechanical energy of a prime mover into the energy of a gas, primarily serving as a gas power source for gas transportation. From the standpoint of application fields, it can also be used in gas combustion, metal oxidation, desulfurization and oxidation, fermentation, wastewater treatment, and other processes. Blower classifications: Positive-displacement types—Roots blowers and screw blowers; multi-stage centrifugal blowers (low-speed); single-stage centrifugal blowers (high-speed).
Various Blower Principle and advantages and disadvantages:
1. Roots blower.
Principle: Roots blowers are positive-displacement fans, and their air delivery volume is proportional to the rotational speed. Currently, most of them feature a three-lobe design. With each rotation of the three-lobe impeller, air is drawn in and discharged three times by the two impellers. They have a simple structure and stable performance. A key characteristic is that, within the maximum designed pressure range, the flow rate changes only slightly even when the resistance in the pipeline network fluctuates.
Advantages: Simple structure, stable operation, high noise level, wide application range, high energy consumption, and large size. (1) Lacks an internal compression process, resulting in low thermal efficiency—especially for smaller units; (2) Due to gaps and gas leakage, the leakage flow increases with rising pressure or pressure ratio, thereby limiting the blower’s ability to operate at higher pressures; (3) The pneumatic noise is relatively high due to the effects of exhaust pulsation and backflow.
2. Screw Blower Principle: The operating principle of a screw blower is based on two parallel helical rotors—each with male and female threads—that mesh with each other to form working volumes. Driven by synchronous gears, the rotors rotate in opposite directions at high speeds. As the rotors turn, the working volumes periodically change, thereby compressing the gas during the gas delivery process.
Advantages: (1) Easy control of displacement and output pressure. (2) Strong resistance to contamination. The boosting component of the screw air compressor consists of a set of meshing screws, which exhibit excellent resistance to contamination.
Drawbacks: (1) Prone to air leakage. Due to their structural characteristics, screw blowers are susceptible to air leaks. (2) The screws are prone to wear. The meshing compression method used in screw blowers requires the two screws to remain in constant contact during operation, leading to wear of the screw materials. As usage time increases, this wear gradually intensifies.
3. Principle of Multi-Stage Centrifugal Fans: A centrifugal fan operates by using a motor to rotate the fan impeller, which forces the gas between the blades to be discharged under the action of centrifugal force. Meanwhile, external air is drawn in through the negative pressure created at the center of the impeller, achieving continuous airflow. At conventional speeds, a single-stage centrifugal fan has limited pressure-rise capability; however, multi-stage series fans can meet higher pressure-rise requirements and are therefore referred to as multi-stage centrifugal fans.
Advantages: (1) The full-load efficiency is higher than that of Roots blowers. (2) The low-speed multi-stage centrifugal blower is a low-speed mechanical blower that operates smoothly and reliably with a long service life. (3) It is simpler to operate and maintain than Roots blowers, featuring an all-air-cooled design that eliminates cooling-water failures and reduces maintenance costs.
Disadvantages: (1) Poor flow regulation performance, low efficiency, high energy consumption, and high operating costs. (2) When multiple units operate in parallel, they tend to interfere with each other. (3) Large size, heavy weight, significant vibration, and requiring a foundation for installation. (4) If oil is used, lubricating oil should be replaced regularly.
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