How to Choose a Cooling Fan for New Energy Vehicles?
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Industry Trends
Release time:
2021-12-13
The new-energy vehicle industry is rapidly developing, driving advancements in automotive thermal management technology. Heat sinks are essential components in automotive cooling systems, and their performance has attracted widespread attention. As for how to select cooling fans for new-energy vehicles, an increasing number of users no longer focus solely on price; instead, factors such as fan lifespan, noise level, rotational speed, and stability have become indispensable considerations.
Based on their development process, heat sinks can be divided into three major stages: mechanical radiators, engines directly driving the fans or driving them via pulleys, and centrifugal fans—where a clutch is added to mechanical fans, specifically electromagnetic clutches and silicone-oil clutches. The operation of these electric fans is controlled by sensors and relays. These three types of heat sinks reflect the evolution of automotive heat sinks over different periods and the varying performance requirements of users. Different types of vehicles have different demands on the performance of cooling fans, and their acceptance of cooling-fan technologies also varies. Drawing from practical applications in the traditional internal-combustion-engine vehicle market, passenger-car engine cooling technology has taken the lead. After 2000, electric fans began to gain widespread adoption for cooling passenger-car engines. Around the same time, commercial vehicles and construction machinery typically used fans equipped with belt-driven systems or clutch-controlled fans. However, the cooling-fan technology for fuel-powered passenger cars did not remain confined to brushed electric fans.
Automotive cooling fans can be categorized into brushed electronic fans and brushless electronic fans. In terms of service life, brushless fans have a significantly longer lifespan than brushed fans. However, for a long time, due to the high demands placed on design specifications, manufacturing processes, and technological R&D, brushless fans have been expensive and thus have not been widely adopted. Nevertheless, with the rapid development of new-energy vehicles and the gradual maturation of DC brushless motor technology, coupled with improvements in production processes, brushless electronic fans are beginning to "gain prominence."
New-energy buses represent the fastest-growing and most widely adopted segment within the new-energy vehicle industry. The unique characteristics of urban public transportation demand that new-energy buses possess high safety, exceptional stability, and ease of maintenance—requirements that ultimately influence both the overall vehicle design and component selection. High-performance, thermally efficient fans are the preferred choice for cooling the powertrain systems of new-energy buses. Through bidding processes involving several major bus company suppliers, the author found that all tender specifications for electric motor cooling systems mandate that suppliers provide brushless electronic fan-based cooling solutions. Some vehicle manufacturers even go further, requiring imported brushless electronic fans that meet additional criteria such as stepless speed regulation, low noise levels, and an ingress protection rating of IP67.
The function of the cooling fan is to dissipate heat from the powertrain system of new-energy vehicles. The fan plays a crucial role in accelerating the thermal efficiency of the radiator. The performance of the heat sink directly affects the cooling effectiveness of the radiator in new-energy vehicles. With advances in technology, stable performance, and standardized production processes, the cost of brushless electronic fans has been steadily declining. As a result, brushless electronic fans are bound to become the preferred choice for radiator fans in new-energy vehicles. Brushless fans will also become the mainstream configuration for cooling systems in new-energy vehicles.
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